![]() For the purpose of this review, the term “nuts” includes all common tree nuts plus peanuts. Although chestnuts ( Castanea sativa) are tree nuts as well, they are different from all other common nuts because of being starchier and having a different nutrient profile. In addition, peanuts have a similar nutrient profile to tree nuts. The consumer definition also includes peanuts ( Arachis hypogea), which botanically are groundnuts or legumes but are widely identified as part of the nuts food group. Other common edible nuts are pine nuts ( Pinus pinea), cashews ( Anacardium occidentale), pecans ( Carya illinoiensis), macadamias ( Macadamia integrifolia), and Brazil nuts ( Bertholletia excelsa). The most popular edible tree nuts are almonds ( Prunus amigdalis), hazelnuts ( Corylus avellana), walnuts ( Juglans regia), and pistachios ( Pistachia vera). īy definition, tree nuts are dry fruits with one seed in which the ovary wall becomes hard at maturity. Department of Agriculture Research Laboratory in the University of California at Davis. The interested reader will find complete information regarding research published up to 2005 on nuts and health outcomes in a recent monograph and up to 2007 in the proceedings of a Symposium on Nuts and Health held at the U.S. demonstrating that a diet enriched with walnuts reduced serum cholesterol levels compared to a standard healthy diet. In conclusion, nuts are nutrient rich foods with wide-ranging cardiovascular and metabolic benefits, which can be readily incorporated into healthy diets.Įxtensive research has been carried out on nuts and health outcomes during the last two decades since publication of a report from the pioneering Adventist Health Study showing an association of nut consumption with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in 1992, shortly followed by the seminal clinical trial of Sabaté et al. Safety concerns are limited to the infrequent occurrence of nut allergy in children. Contrary to expectations, epidemiologic studies and clinical trials suggest that regular nut consumption is unlikely to contribute to obesity and may even help in weight loss. Thus it is clear that nuts have a beneficial impact on many cardiovascular risk factors. ![]() Blood pressure, visceral adiposity and the metabolic syndrome also appear to be positively influenced by nut consumption. Interventional studies consistently show that nut intake has a cholesterol-lowering effect, even in the context of healthy diets, and there is emerging evidence of beneficial effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular reactivity. ![]() ![]() ![]() Limited evidence also suggests beneficial effects on hypertension, cancer, and inflammation. Epidemiologic studies have associated nut consumption with a reduced incidence of coronary heart disease and gallstones in both genders and diabetes in women. By virtue of their unique composition, nuts are likely to beneficially impact health outcomes. Nuts (tree nuts and peanuts) are nutrient dense foods with complex matrices rich in unsaturated fatty and other bioactive compounds: high-quality vegetable protein, fiber, minerals, tocopherols, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds. ![]()
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